Due to increased blood pressure (blood pressure) or hypertension, retirees generally suffer, although recently the disease is increasingly appearing among young people.However, people often do not suspect a serious problem, and many describe headaches about lower sleep or bad weather.Lack of treatment for high pressure can lead to stroke and heart attack.Therefore, the main causes of hypertension should be examined in detail to detect the disease on time.
What is high blood pressure
Arterial hypertension (hypertension), hypertension or hypertension is a serious chronic disease characterized by persistent growth of blood pressure (while systolic upper pressure is higher than 140 mm Hg and diastolic lower pressure above 90 mm hg).Hypertension is the most common disease of the cardiovascular system.The increase in blood pressure of blood vessels is due to the narrowing of arteries and their small branches - arterioles.
The value of blood pressure depends on the peripheral resistance and the elasticity of the blood vessels.With irritation of hypothalamic receptors, more quantities of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone hormones, which cause microsals and arteries, result in the thickening of the walls, and an increase in blood viscosity begins.This leads to the appearance of arterial hypertension, which is eventually irreversible, stable.There are two forms of high pressure:
- Basic (primary).This is 95% of cases of hypertension.The reason for this form is the sum of different factors (inheritance, poor ecology, overweight).
- Secondary.It represents 5% of cases of hypertension.High blood pressure in this form is caused by disorders in the body (kidney, liver, heart disease).
The initial stage of the disease or its hidden path is suspected if a person is noted:
- Memory deterioration;
- headache;
- A motivated feeling of anxiety;
- cool;
- hyperhidrosis (increased sweating);
- small spots in the eyes;
- numbness of the fingers;
- Hyperemia (redness) of the skin of the anterior area;
- heartbeat;
- irritability;
- low power;
- The swelling of the face in the morning.
Causes of hypertension
With the normal functioning of the body, the heart folds the blood, nutrients and delivers oxygen to the cells.If the arteries lose their elasticity or clogging, the heart becomes stronger, the sound of the blood vessels increases, and their diameter narrows, which leads to high pressure.The beginning of hypertension is the disorders of the autonomic and central nervous system that are closely related to emotions.Therefore, when a person is nervous, it often increases the pressure.
After 60 years, the development of arterial hypertension results in the appearance of atherosclerosis (chronic arteries) when cholesterol plaque overlaps the normal bloodstream.In this case, the patient's upper pressure may increase to 170 mm Hg.Art. And the lower part is less than 90 mm Hg.Art.In addition, many doctors identify the general causes of arterial hypertension:
- violation of blood circulation of all vital organs;
- psycho -emotional surge;
- spasal of cervical vertebrae muscles;
- genetic pathology;
- reduction of elasticity, thickening of blood vessels;
- Hypokinesia (sedentary lifestyle);
- hormonal changes;
- Diseases of internal organs (liver, kidneys).
- Excessive salt consumption;
- bad habits.
In the men
The appearance of hypertension is usually for men aged 35-50.High blood pressure is diagnosed in patients with stable disease.This is due to the fact that men ignore the first signs of the disease.In the strong half of humanity, the causes of hypertension are often provoked by their work.The disease affects people whose activities are related to heavy physical and mental stress.Responsible workers suffer from the disease whose faults are always strong stress.Other causes of men of hypertension:
- smoking, alcohol consumption;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- Non -compliance with nutritional rules (fast food, sweets);
- kidney disease (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis);
- taking drugs (from colds, colds, sleeping pills or hormonal drugs);
- neglect of physical activity;
- Problems of blood vessels (atherosclerosis);
- Traumatization of the central nervous system (central nervous system).
In women
Symptoms of arterial hypertension are not different in women and men (shortness of breath, headache, ears, dizziness), but weaker is not much more likely to meet such a disease.The causes of women's hypertension may differ in men and the cause of hormones.There are also forms of the disease that do not characterize severe sex at all - this is menopause and hypertension during pregnancy.
As a general rule, hypertension in women is diagnosed under menopause (after 45-50 years).The body is undergoing significant changes at this time: the number of estrogens produced begins to contract.In addition, women's hypertension can be as follows:
- receiving contraceptives;
- stress, overload;
- not enough potassium in the body;
- Hypodynamia (sedentary lifestyle);
- excess weight;
- malnutrition;
- child-birth;
- bad habits (alcoholism, smoking);
- Diabetes mellitus;
- cholesterol metabolism;
- Pathology of the kidneys, adrenal glands;
- vascular disease;
- Obstructive Apnoe syndrome (breathing downtime).
Young
Hypertension disease is rarely observed in people under the age of 25.Growth of blood pressure in juvenile is often associated with neurocyircular dystonia (a complex of cardiovascular disorders) when only the upper pressure markers change.The cause of these infringements of children may be high during school hours.In almost all cases, the child's hypertension is the result of the pathology of the endocrine system, ie children's hypertension is usually secondary.At a young age of arterial hypertension, there may be other causes:
- hereditary factor;
- exaggeration, large amounts of salt use;
- weather conditions;
- Diseases of the spinal column.
- Electromagnetic, sound radiation;
- nervous surge;
- kidney pathologies;
- intake of drugs affecting the condition of blood pressure;
- overweight;
- Lack of potassium in the body.
- Filling with the sleep system.
The causes of the development of hypertension
The incidence of hypertension in 90 % of patients involves cardiovascular problems (atherosclerosis, sore heart, etc.).The remaining 10% are related to symptomatic hypertension, ie hypertension is another disease (kidney inflammation, adrenal tumors, reduction of kidney arteries), hormonal failure, diabetes, traumatic brain injury and stress.The risk factors for the development of hypertension are classified according to two indicators:
- Unmounted.The reasons why one cannot influence.This includes:
- Heredity.Arterial hypertension is considered to be a disease that spreads through genes.Therefore, if the family had patients with hypertension, there is a chance that the disease will appear in the next generation.
- Physiological factor.Medium number of men are more prone to the disease than the fairer.This is explained by the fact that at the age of 20-50 a woman's body produces more sex hormones that perform a protective function.
- Changed.Factors that depend on a person, lifestyle and decisions:
- sedentary lifestyle;
- Overweight;
- voltage;
- bad habits;
- insomnia;
- use of large amounts of caffeine, salt, cholesterol;
- taking medications;
- weight-lifting;
- Weather fluctuations.
Heredity
One of the factors for arterial hypertension is inheritance.These may be anatomical features that are transmitted by genes.These are expressed in the difficulties of blood flow, which affects the increase in blood pressure.The presence of hypertension in relatives of the first link (mother, father, grandparents, native brothers or sisters) is likely to be the probability of developing the disease.The risk of the disease increases when several relatives have been observed at the same time.
As a general rule, hypertension itself is genetically inherited, but only prone to it, the cause of neuropsychic reactions and metabolic characteristics (carbohydrates, fats).The introduction of the predisposition to inheritance pathology is often due to external influences: nutrition, living conditions, harmful climate factors.
Illness
Cardiovascular disease (heart disease, ischemia) can cause high blood pressure.With these diseases, the aortic deficiencies are partially narrowed - which means that the pressure is increasing.Vascular defects in nodular polyarthritis also contribute to the increase in blood pressure.Diabetes mellitus is another cause of arterial hypertension.The presence of atherosclerotic plaques narrows the lumen of the blood vessels, which is an obstacle to normal blood circulation.The heart begins to work in increased mode, creating increased pressure.Diseases that can provoke hypertone:
- kidney inflammation;
- Pathologies of the lymphatic system and liver;
- cervix osteochondrosis;
- violation of the pancreas and thyroid gland;
- Arteries are sclerosis;
- vegetative-vascular dystonia;
- adrenal tumor;
- traumatic brain injuries;
- Narrowing the arteries of kidney.
Hormonal changes
Violations of endocrine organs (thyroid gland, hypothalamus, pancreas, adrenal glands) are frequent causes of high pressure.These pathological processes slow down the production of sex hormones and their effects on the lower appendix, especially during menopause.Severe causes of increased blood pressure that contribute to excessive synthesis of hormones, the following diseases:
- Kushing syndrome;
- thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) - an increase in thyroid function;
- tumors in adrenal glands;
- Acromegaly (impaired function of the anterior pituitary gland);
- Feochromocytoma (hormonal active tumor);
- Consideration.
Circle
Hypertension is usually more common in older people.The reason for this is that the arteries lose their elasticity over time and has a great impact on the pressure.In addition, people after 40 years of age are slowing down metabolism, with the background of high -calorie food and, despite the improper attitude of food, develops obesity and then high blood pressure.
Nowadays, such a cause of the disease, such as age, has undergone changes.The disease is noticeably young, the adolescents are approx.10% of the pathology and only the percentage increases when growing.One in three residents suffers from high pressure after 40 years.In fact, the natural decline of body resistance, the influence of inheritance, the lifestyle lifestyle.
Life
Another cause of arterial hypertension is the lack of physical activity.Sports have a beneficial effect on blood circulation and body as a whole, but not many people decide to start leading an active lifestyle to protect themselves from the development of hypertension.The lack of physical exercises causes obesity and overweight and, as a result, increases blood pressure.
Hypokinesia is a common disease when a person moves little and this leads to a violation of the work of blood vessels.Unhealthy nutrition, bad habits, and inadequate lifestyles cause high blood pressure, as weakening of muscle tissue and spine reduces the sound of the blood vessels needed for good blood circulation.Work on a computer also increases the risk of the disease.
Nutrition
The next factor that contributes to the appearance of hypertension is malnutrition.Salt, sweet, fried, acute, smoked and fatty foods often provoke an unplanned increase in pressure.In fact, the kidneys require some time to remove excess sodium.Until this happens, the surplus of the salt holds water, provoking swelling in people with hypertension.
The lack of potassium can increase blood pressure.This element helps to relieve blood vessels and body - free from sodium.There are many potassium in tomatoes, dairy products, cocoa, potatoes, legumes, parsley, plums, melon, banana, green vegetables, sunflower seeds.These products should be included in the daily diet.You need to deny fat, fatty meat and smoked meats as they lead to overweight and often result in high pressure.In addition, such food products are harmful to the body:
- butter;
- conserve;
- SETTING;
- Fat sour cream, cream;
- sharp spices;
- flour products;
- tonic drinks with caffeine;
- Sweet soda drinks.
Bad habits
High doses of alcohol and hangover caused by hangover are negatively affected by health.Regular and excessive alcohol can increase heart rate, suddenly increase blood pressure, and cause heart attack.Smoking also does not affect the pressure.Nicotine contributes to the growth of the pulse, the rapid wear of the heart, which leads to coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis.
Tobacco and alcohol have a negative effect on the whole body.During smoking and alcohol consumption, the expansion occurs first, and then a sharp decrease in the blood vessels, which results in cramps and the bloodstream deteriorates.Therefore, an increase in blood pressure.In addition, the chemicals that are part of the cigarette damage the elasticity of the walls of the blood vessels and form plaques that clog the arteries.
Overweight
A common cause of hypertension is the excess of obesity and body weight.Overweight is a sedentary lifestyle, metabolic disorders, plenty of foods, high fats, carbohydrates, salt.Open people are always endangered because their hypertension increases with the load of blood vessels and hearts.
In addition, obesity increases blood cholesterol, which can provoke the appearance of diabetes.Patients with 3 times more than three times more often suffer from hypertension than patients with normal body weight.A person with obesity is more prone to atherosclerosis, which is another factor in the appearance of hypertension.Weight loss at 5 kg significantly reduces blood pressure and improves blood sugar levels.
Ecology
Many people respond painfully to the weather, that is, depending on the weather.Even a completely healthy person who is rarely in the fresh air and leads a sedentary lifestyle can be sensitive to changing the weather.As a general rule, people with hypertension appear under unusual climate and landscape conditions, so make a road set before traveling.
The poor ecology of the city also severely increases blood pressure, damaging the cardiovascular system and developing hypertension.Even the short effects of harmful substances that people breathe every day can provoke the development of hypertension.All modern cities have three general pollutants - nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur -dioxide - negatively affect blood pressure and vascular function.
Tension
The nervous emotional strain (stress, nerve breakdown, excessive emotional ability) is the most common cause of worsening of hypertension.All negative, exhausted, and depressed emotions are dangerous for human health.The long experience of stress is a constant stress that is faster to wear the blood vessels and the heart than it is in a relaxed atmosphere.Neural breakdown is often the result of pressure and hypertensive crisis.Stress combined with alcohol and smoking is particularly harmful as such a combination suddenly increases blood pressure.
As a general rule, the pressure in a person with hypertension increases longer, even with mild emotional stress.Gradually, by repeating the increase in blood pressure, which can last for many months, the device responsible for controlling blood pressure is accustomed to the load and the blood pressure is slowly fixed at a certain level.